Insulting?

02/07/09

Are you insulted?

Apparently, publishers are pricing eBooks in a silly way, and it’s insulting to the reader.

Certainly, people do get hot under the collar about eBook pricing; when Amazon tried to start selling them over ten dollars a shot, there was a minor revolution.

Well, okay. There’s definitely some silliness around – my book was briefly available as an eBook for two different prices – hard and soft cover eBook. Eep. It’s not intentional, it’s just the kind of thing which happens when large companies start getting into new areas.

It’s also true that there are no printing, warehousing, or shipping costs associated with eBooks, although there are presumably infrastructural costs of other sorts – even if they are likely to be lower.

However…

I think it’s also the case that the last ten, fifteen years has encouraged us to believe that stuff should basically be free. It was the time of the big discount, because all you had to do to make money was watch the market spiral upward.

It probably should have been obvious that that wasn’t sustainable. In fact, it was obvious, but no one really wanted to talk about it.

Talking to a couple of publishers recently, I’ve been surprised by how the cost of a book breaks down; I had assumed that the physical costs were considerably higher than they are. According to what they told me, the bulk of the cost part of a book’s jacket price is operational – editing, publicity, and the business of running a publishing house. If a book costs twenty five dollars, one U.S. editor said to me, only a few bucks of that is print and paper. At which point, of course, eBooks just aren’t that much cheaper than dead tree books to make.

So I find myself looking at the ten dollar eBooks and thinking: huh. That cannot possibly cover everyone’s costs.

One way of looking at that is to say that it’s not relevant – it’s not a question of what the costs are, but what the market will pay. I’m not comfortable with that. The market can be an idiot. Large groups of people make many decisions very well, but they’re not always rational about what they should pay for things – ask the State of California (2). Given the choice between raising taxes and getting a tax break, people will generally go for the break. They will then also – and here’s California’s problem – vote for a bunch of really expensive stuff they would like for the government to do immediately.

That kind of thinking has been encouraged for a decade or more, and – surprise – it doesn’t work.

So I expect you’re wondering – as George C. Wellbeloved would have said – what I think about all this. Well, I think eBooks are priced in silly ways and I think they need to be made more amazing. I think DRM is a pain in the arse and I don’t see that it works, and at the same time it stops me from doing with eBooks what I would do with paper copies. I also think that the market is presently executing the newspaper and brought us all the fun of watching pensions and 401Ks vanish in the mist, so I’m not really impressed with its financial acumen.

I think we, collectively, need to acknowledge that stuff costs money.

Amazingly, at the bright, shiny beginning of the 2000s, we’re learning once again that there is no such thing as a free lunch.

I’m as guilty of this as anyone. I was ducked into a big department store on Tuesday because I had quarter of an hour and I saw a winter coat, absolutely perfect for me, made by a really cool designer, on sale for £300. That’s a lot of money, but it’s much, much less than the original price of the item, which was £3000. Yep. 10%, people. (Particularly good since I’m still sulking about the non-existence of the Gone-Away Coat.)

So I thought, okay, that’s great. I hadn’t come in for a coat and I didn’t really want to carry it home, but when something is in the perfect size and looks amazing and has been reduced from a stratospheric price to something manageable and will last you for a decade or more, that’s a moment to make a few compromises.

Except it turns out I misread the sticker price – it was £500. Yup. 16%. And I looked at the guy behind the counter and said thanks, and walked out, because I didn’t want to pay that much for a coat.

Well, okay. On the one hand I was right. That extra two hundred quid made a huge difference. It wasn’t what I was prepared to pay, it was nearly twice as much as I thought we were talking about.

But I was also pathetically, ludicrously wrong. That coat was worth a huge amount more than I was being asked to pay. The designer and the shop were taking a loss selling it at that level, and they were doing so to clear stock. The reduction was massive. I was being a tit. I could probably have bought it at that price, taken it home, and sold it on eBay for twice as much. I ignored what it was in favour of my own perception of what I wanted it to cost.

I am an idiot.

It seems to me that we do this with everything at the moment, and we have to stop. We pretend there are no environmental costs associated with flying, because if we acknowledged them then flights would be more expensive than we want to pay. So essentially, what we are doing every time we fly is taking out a mortgage we already know we can’t pay for and pretending it’s not there.

Does that sound familiar?

So coming back to eBooks…

On the one hand, yes, eBooks need reasonable pricing, and they need to be unshackled from proprietary formats and the rest. But on the other, it’s not a question of what the market will bear, with eBooks or anything else.

We have to learn that things have costs, and those costs are not always mutable, even if that doesn’t suit us.

[++UPDATE++ This conversation became so interesting that I wrote more about it - looking at the downsides of current eBooks and what probably needs doing - here.]

29 Comments to “Insulting?”

  • [...] Insulting? | Nick Harkaway Emerging cult author Nick Harkaway muses on ebook pricing. Accurate and punchy. "So I find myself looking at the ten dollar eBooks and thinking: huh. That cannot possibly cover everyone’s costs." (tags: ebooks pricing DRM author bookseller) This entry was written by delicious and posted on at 10:30 am and filed under delicious. Bookmark the permalink. Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post. Post a comment or leave a trackback: Trackback URL. [...]

  • Blue Tyson said on July 2nd, 2009:

    Note also that publishers tell you you canot resell ebooks. Not tested in court as far as I know, though.

    So, while this is not a ‘cost’ as such for the publisher, it is instantly a reduction in value, considering it that way from a market perspective.

    Note also number of returns = zero. How many books get printed to sell one, on average, 2, 3? Books on shelves has some advertising benefit to mitigate that, presumably.

    It is of course insulting to have them priced the same, when people admit they are cheaper, as per the above.

    You will note that the suits arguing for parity pricing carefully leave the above out of such discussions.

    Multiple ebook pricing, and more than paperback pricing seems to happen a hell of a lot, to be just an oops. ‘Oh, us stupid big companies! Shucks’.

    Well, yeah, that’s the opinion when that keeps happening. :)

  • Nick Harkaway said on July 2nd, 2009:

    BT – well, if a book is DRMed, you’d have to break the DRM to resell, and cracking the encryption is unlawful (or possibly even illegal, I’m not sure).

    I wasn’t supporting an argument for pricing parity – I haven’t actually ever heard anyone make such an argument. I was observing that my own assumptions about the cost of books were wrong, and arguing the notion that the market is always right. Transparently, the market is not always right – markets create themselves within a framework of assumptions, and we’ve been taught recently to make some very silly assumptions.

    Pricing eBooks at more than the paperback price is pretty daft – unless, of course, pricing them lower than the paperback makes the whole business unsustainable. That’s almost exactly my point. If in order to sustain a publishing industry which can do what we expect it to do, i.e. buy, edit, set, and publicise a book to a high standard (along with, if necessary, extras like have it read for libel or copyright, back an author in the event of a legal suit, and so on) the price of an eBook has to be around the paperback price – then that’s it. That’s what eBooks have to cost, and we have to deal with that. It’s no good saying ‘but I want to pay less’. You’re not just paying for one book at that point. You’re paying the price of sustaining an industry, because the alternative is that that industry ceases to exist in the form you want – as may be happening to newspapers even now.

    Yes, the publishing industry is going to have to adapt to new conditions. Yes, there will be changes.

    BUT:

    We as consumers have to get more intelligent about how we use our money to sustain the industries whose existence we assume and whose presence in our lives defines aspects of our society. We can’t keep pushing for lower prices and more stuff and assume it will all be okay. We have to come to terms with the fact that while we can push for cheaper products, they don’t just come out of air. We’ll pay the price somewhere – be it in less intensive editing or less publicity for books, or fewer book deals being made so that publishers can sell more of each product, or whatever.

    Nothing’s free.

  • Blue Tyson said on July 2nd, 2009:

    Some of us consumers don’t want the ‘industries’ to exist as they currently do, however. So obviously we aren’t going to be willing to pay to support something we don’t want.

    Number of books published in paper seems to keep going up and up and up, which you would think has to break sometime – pretty clearly too many, it would seem. At least if you are an author, etc., more and more competition all the time. Would the general public miss a lot if the bottom half disappeared at major publishers?

    Publicity, backing of lawsuits, etc. not of any particular interest to readers – just writers.

    Lots of DRM just based on a number though, so if you wanted, you can pass that on and sell it, DRM intact. Regardless, attempting to make them just licenced, or DRMed – still worth less. DRMed books should be lower prices than open format ones – and is why they sell less, comparatively. Which should have been a clue you’d think.

    As for parity pricing – HarperCollins, Penguin, to name a couple. New Space Opera 2, same price both ways, just as a relevant to me example.

    So companies like them (along with Newscorp :)) can disappear, and we won’t really care.

  • Nick Harkaway said on July 2nd, 2009:

    BT – point by point:

    Would the general public miss a lot if the bottom half disappeared at major publishers?

    Yes. Of course, the majority of readers wouldn’t miss any individual book you might name – but almost everyone would miss one of the ones which wouldn’t make the cut. It’s possible, however, that these books might find a home with print on demand or the new format.

    Publicity, backing of lawsuits, etc. not of any particular interest to readers – just writers.

    I think you’re mistaken here; without the publicity system, a lot of books would simply never get heard about – even with everyone Twittering away or whatever. Regarding legal reading, if a controversial, necessary book – say, a journalistic inquiry into Abu Grahib – isn’t supported in this way, it probably can’t be published. Not only do we not get the book, we don’t get the investigation, and we are massively poorer for it.

    So companies like them (along with Newscorp :)) can disappear, and we won’t really care.

    Frankly, I think we will. Without something to do their jobs (and rack up those same costs) we’ll get lower quality books and journals. As I said, the pricing model needs to be and be seen to be sensible, but it’s not enough to say “we can throw all this away and everything will be better” without presenting some pretty heavyweight evidence that we won’t end up worse off.

  • Andrew Savikas said on July 2nd, 2009:

    So far the evidence suggests that ebooks are primarily additive sales rather than substitution sales. And the marginal cost of producing and distributing an ebook is effectively zero. And when you talk about those “operational” costs, those costs are fixed — the more copies of a book you sell, the less of that cost is borne by any individual unit.

    Sooo…all those low-priced ebooks carry zero marginal cost, yet provide that many more units over which to amortize the substantial fixed costs of creating a book, which makes the whole shebang more profitable for the publisher.

    I applaud your sentiment, but arguments based on convincing or persuading customers to pay more because it *should* be worth more to them aren’t likely to work.

    It’s helpful to keep the words of Peter Drucker in mind on this point: “Customers do not see it as their job to ensure a profit for [businesses]. The only sound way to price is to start out with what the market is willing to pay–and thus, it must be assumed, what the competition will charge–and design to that price specification.” (from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/management-the-five-deadly-sins-1501842.html — full piece well worth a read)

  • Nick Harkaway said on July 2nd, 2009:

    Andrew – I’ve heard that additive/substitution model challenged recently for the first time, and I think that as eBook readers become more usable, it’s definitely going to be a serious issue rather than a given. I had my first eureka moment the other day when I realised I could read on my iPhone without turning on the light – huge bonus if you naturally fall asleep half an hour later than your hard-working partner. I may easily start buying eBooks rather than print for some texts.

    Yes, absolutely, some operational costs are fixed, and yes, there are obviously economies of scale – although the reverse is probably also true, and we don’t really want to end up with only big seller/high profile books coming out. There was a spooky moment a while back when the entire top five (top ten even?) of the UK bestseller list was taken up with celebrity bios etc. The logic of the market produces results which are perfectly good at sustaining balance sheets but not necessarily ideal for human beings to live with…

    I’m not suggesting something on the basis that it ’should’ work – I’m proposing that we collectively have to get off our free lunch kick. If the publishing industry were the only place where that didn’t happen – but we did manage to do it everywhere else – I’d be thrilled by that outcome even as I struggled to sort out a new business model for myself… And again, the idea that it’s something which ‘isn’t likely to work’ misses the point: this isn’t a hard and fast rule of nature, it’s a behaviour, the consequence of a cultural situation, and a recent one, at that. Our politicians have been using the free stuff concept to buy us off. Now we live with the consequences of some of it and we begin to see what will be the consequence of the rest. I was pondering the other day whether the newspapers shouldn’t collectively go for a subscription model online. It’s a rotten idea, but not so rotten as losing the (occasional) wonderful integrity and powerful writing of great print journalism.

    Blue Tyson put ‘consumer’ in quotes, and that’s absolutely right. We have to become more than passive consumers of stuff, otherwise we’re stuck with a world which will get progressively crappier. The internet is a new culture, and in my experience an abnormally well-informed and well-intentioned one. Customers may not see it as their job to keep industries profitable – just as bankers didn’t feel it was their job to steward the financial system – but is that all we want to be? Customers? Or shall be be people instead?

  • Andrew Savikas said on July 2nd, 2009:

    I certainly wasn’t defending passive ‘consumption.’ But customers care *far* less about us and our products than they care about themselves and their problems. (And by ‘problem’ I mean “bored” “need information” “want to see what everyone is talking about” and so on). If you want people to pay you more for something, make it more valuable to them. Our customers pay 80% of the cover price for our ebooks, in part because we give them multiple DRM-free formats, free lifetime updates, and the ability to come back and re-download later if they want. Many ebooks in the wild are crappy digitizations full of OCR errors, poor layout and minimal “web-ness” like outbound hyperlinks. Customers also (usually) can’t share those ebooks with friends and family, and can’t re-sell them later.

    Under-$10 is all that they are worth to those customers. That’s not the customer’s fault for not caring enough about some grand cultural institution; it’s the publisher’s fault for not making something that’s worth more to the reader.

  • Nick Harkaway said on July 2nd, 2009:

    *grin* I think we’re on the same (electronic) page. The situation at the moment is that what most publishers are trying to sell is as close to nothing as they can get away with, for the normal price of a paper book. It’s essentially a business-as-usual-nothing-to-see-here model, and it won’t wash. I’ve talked elsewhere about the awfulness of DRM and the speed with which it gets broken for anything which people actually want, and I’ve advocated enriching, soundtracks, digital extras… (I’m not keen on updates in the context of fiction, because I don’t really want to get stuck in Director’s Cutville for the rest of my life…)

    All that said, I think there’s a point where people are going to have to accept that – as Baz Luhrmann would say – prices will rise, politicians will philander, you too will get old… And eBooks, especially as they become a larger part of the market, are going to cost something which has relevance to what is needed to bring them to market. If we want our music, our movies, our software… somewhere, we’re going to have to pay for it. And all cries of pain on Earth won’t stop that from happening, any more than saying “but we want cheap flights” makes aviation any kinder to the sky.

  • Foz Meadows said on July 3rd, 2009:

    This is a random side-point, but I wonder how much that coat really was marked down, and whether it actually came in below cost. Five hundred dollars (or pounds, in this instance) is not an unreasonable amount of money for a well-made, long-lasting Coat of Awesome Plus Three, but three thousand dollars (or pounds) seems like madness. I remember reading an article once where the author was pointing out that when CEOs get paid 400 times the money of their average employee, that does not mean they are doing 400 times the work, adding 400 times the value (jargon shudder) or have 400 times better qualifications: it’s simply a mark-up which serves to reflect their status in the organisation and the fact that their kind of sallary, as a one-off, is affordable. The point being, clothes-wise, that between $5 tops made in sweatshops for well below an acceptable wage and designers marking things up the wazoo in order to maintain their image as an unaffordable status symbol (in lieu of the fact that, unlike in earlier societies, the materials clothes are made of are no longer the sign of status in and of themselves, being pretty much readily available, and are therefore replaced by more status-recognisable brand names), we have forgotten what things cost: that, as with the books, we’re not paying for the materials as much as for the labour, hours and craftsmanship which went into making the product and transporting it. Instantaneous communication and near-instantaneous travel have, perhaps, desensitised us to the notion that it still costs money to move things – real, solid things – from A to B, and that this cost is often disproportinately larger than what it took to make the actual object. Before we have a more global society, we need the locavore revolution, otherwise the logic we’re founding everything on is only so much smoke and mirrors.

  • Blue Tyson said on July 3rd, 2009:

    Nick,

    Important non-fiction is a whole different story to fiction, or celebrity cookbooks, lame political biographies and Ricky Ponting’s Ashes diary, no argument there. Same goes for actual journalism, as opposed to writing about movies, sport, weather, crosswords, etc.

    Certainly of more benefit to society if publicity dollars go into that ahead of the latest novels, etc.

    (Note, New Space Opera 2 with that pricing was instantly scanned pretty much, it seems.)

    On the sweatshop thing, though, the current agglomerated book conglomerates if you like are part of that sort of globalisation, though, so tearing them down (or having them fall apart) to get more small, localised producers again? Good, or not?

    On that though, why is a low margin industry still based in some of the most expensive areas on the planet? That doesn’t make sense.

    Maybe they should give you a PR job. :)

    The arguments seem about parity pricing so far from various executives are more along the lines of – we’ll see what happens, well they should be, etc., than anything that rational and honest. With the smell of desperate support of their print prestige and lunches of course behind that.

  • Nick Harkaway said on July 3rd, 2009:

    So, I’m apparently a relic of a bygone age… Free is the new price for everything

    Free is not a choice in a digital economy – it is an inevitability. Not that everything is going to be free, but that Free is going to be a price you either use or compete with. The music industry choose not to go free, so the pirates did it for them. Professional content creators dreamed of paywalls, while the amateurs robbed them of their monopoly on consumer attention, without any business model at all (or need for one).

  • Nick Harkaway said on July 3rd, 2009:

    BT –

    On the sweatshop thing, though, the current agglomerated book conglomerates if you like are part of that sort of globalisation, though, so tearing them down (or having them fall apart) to get more small, localised producers again? Good, or not?

    Both, probably. Small producers have trouble making big retailers behave themselves. Small producers linked with small retailers have limited reach. On the other hand, global enterprises tend to be dehumanised and disconnected because that’s what happens when you’re huge.

    On that though, why is a low margin industry still based in some of the most expensive areas on the planet? That doesn’t make sense.

    You mean ‘why isn’t Knopf based in Talinn rather than New York?’ I’m sure you could cut costs by being out of town. it’s possible they’ll do that. On the other hand, I doubt it solves the problem.

    The arguments seem about parity pricing so far from various executives are more along the lines of – we’ll see what happens, well they should be, etc., than anything that rational and honest. With the smell of desperate support of their print prestige and lunches of course behind that.

    I really don’t think this situation is based on the lifestyle of publishing execs – who are not, by and large, overpaid: this isn’t Orange Juice Futures we’re talking about here, it’s books. The thing I do hear from time to time is that the market will eventually set eBook prices properly, that sellers will require discounts and so on, so the high pricing is defensive. If so, I think it’s a massively self-defeating strategy – because, as Chris Anderson observes, one pricing model is ‘free’, and that’s the one we need to beat (or co-opt) to stay alive as digital becomes more important.

    To be clear, though: I’m not in the business of apologising for large companies or the evils of globalisation; I was actually quite surprised that I didn’t get more trouble when TGAW came out over its stance on the lousy consequences of business structures. What I’m saying is that there comes a point where the ‘free or supercheap or else’ culture regarding digital editions of copyright works becomes destructive to the industries which are a significant part of our social and cultural lives, and to the ability of creative people to make a living from what they do. It’s easy to say “we sweep away corporations and we erect a network of creatives selling directly to the public” but I’m not sure that will happen and I’m really not sure that if it does it will be more kind to small writers and artists than the present system. I suspect it becomes a popularity contest or a celeb-fest, rather than a utopian exchange of powerful works, and I doubt the questions of piracy, infringement, pricing, and so on go away – I think they just get shunted onto the individual.

    Ultimately, I think we’re better off with a publishing industry doing what it does than we would be with a loose-knit affiliation of balkanised booksellers and writers.

  • Scott Pack said on July 3rd, 2009:

    Hello Nick,

    Great piece and very well argued.

    The Bookseller piece that you link to which, in turn, quotes me has distilled a fairly lengthy debate into one or two soundbites (not that I’m complaining, journos have a word count to hit). My views, my comments and the points made by the other panelists were more detailed and varied in the flesh.

    My main gripe with eBook pricing, which I probably failed to articulate adequately at the conference, is that pricing eBooks to match the printed book at all times leads to extreme examples. This is most marked when a book is published in hardback and the eBook is therefore priced at close to £20. I don’t think most eBook customers appreciate that approach which I am sure is reflected in sales.

    Can that all be summed up as ‘insulting’? Probably not, but hopefully my point is at least partially well made.

  • Blue Tyson said on July 4th, 2009:

    Ok.

    I wasn’t actually going so far as Tallinn, or Vientiane or wherever, but maybe Mississippi – or you could get a chunk of Michigan really cheap for one advance given to one ‘popularity contest’ or ‘celeb fest’ book now. Not sure how much different that would be than now?

    Small writers or artists aren’t going to be rolling in Jaguars and 72 year old scotch in any model, as far as I can see. Lots of people would like to be professional athletes, too, and can’t, likewise, speaking of entertainers. So there’s a bit of Cry Me A River there.

    It is certainly self-defeating (defensive ‘hopeful’ print protecting high prices) in that you don’t sell any.

    Or you get the reaction: You want me to pay what? Fuck off, I can get it for nothing in 5 minutes sometime. Pissed off good customers who know how to do this can use the old word of mouth to help others do the same, too, of course.

    As you allude above, corporations are sociopathic, but there’s certainly some whacky insanity in some of this – like pricing Alastair Reynolds collection higher than the print version costs off the shelf in an Australian shop, or making YBSF 14 double almost the price of the paperback. Different companies, and maybe useful experiments to them perhaps. Looks like a crazypants up yours to their customers, though. Plus the equally crazy paper bookshop sale happens in the shop, but electronically it happens at the computer of the purchaser type nutbrainery.

    Have any of the deathly afraid sociopaths done anything professional like work out if there is actual overlap between hardback book purchasers and ebook purchasers? (Not to mention cross-selling or early ARC sort of things.) As pissing your customers off on a no logical reason strategy doesn’t seem to be too clever.

    Particularly those you might want to cultivate if a bookstore chain or distributor or two bites the dust shortly.

  • Nick Harkaway said on July 4th, 2009:

    Scott – thanks for dropping in :)

    I think you’re absolutely right, and I think there’s a slightly terrified inflexibility about eBook pricing at the moment. I think that will drop away, but I’m worried that it may be too gradual, leaving the market open to Pirate-Bay-For-Books and so on, and kicking up the chances of an RIAA-style response (bad idea, bad, bad, bad, anyone out there who was thinking it might be a super plan…)

    Anyway – the positive thing about the situation is that more and more people seem to be having the conversation.

  • Nick Harkaway said on July 4th, 2009:

    BT – you’d have to ask them. My feeling is that publishing still isn’t an industry which does a huge amount of market research – and while that’s a bad thing in some ways, it’s also a good thing. One of my recurring nightmares is being asked to change a book because a focus group doesn’t like the ending. Common in the movies – and look what classics the studio system is turning out at the moment…

  • Vaughn said on July 6th, 2009:

    Somewhat related. My wife and I tend to have similar tastes in books so share a lot of what we read.

    e-books are problematic for a number of reasons. We’d need 2 e-book readers and then also have to deal with DRM issues and what book is on what device.

    Given the hassle and the number of books we can buy for the cost of 2 Sony readers old fashioned paper makes a lot of sense. As does the ability to donate books to charity etc.

  • Rupert Heath said on July 6th, 2009:

    It seems to me that the real threat facing e-book publishing is piracy. If piracy worked (and continues to work, despite the success of i-tunes etc) so devastatingly against music sales, why not against the far less litigiously-minded book industry? Consumers, even those most respectful of the efforts of mainstream publishers, will find it hard to resist the allure of ‘free’, if it’s widely available and well-organized. And publishers will be pretty hapless in the face of this attack. They’re certainly doing next to nothing to prepare for its likelihood (DRM – puhlease.)

    The only solution I can see for publishing long-term is to offer e-books free (or virtually free) and fund the process with advertising. Which will open a Pandora’s Box of awfulness, and I am currently praying that point will be reached after I’ve ceased to have anything to do with the publishing industry.

  • evan james roskos said on July 6th, 2009:

    Nick, Very thoughtful argument. I think one of the drawbacks for e-books right now involves the startup costs — e-book readers ask for 200-400$ up front before any books get put on it. If there’s no difference between paperback and e-book, then there’s a greater cost to read an e-book than a paperback.

    Reading on an iPhone is not good for the eyes (heck, black text on white paper isn’t good either) — displays that can switch between e-paper/e-ink techology to OLED will pave the way for cheaper readers. but until then, e-books will be “overpriced” if the majority of people will be asked to buy a separate device to read them.

    I’m not trying to bring in the “i don’t read on my computer” debate, though. I just think that the cost of an e-book isn’t just the file but the way a reader can use the file. if e-books were comfortable to read on backlit screens, then maybe the cost would make sense right now. Until then, we might have to see a reversal of normal pricing schemes — whereby the item becomes more expensive over time before leveling out instead of starting at a premium and dropping as adoption rates increase.

  • Ciar Cullen said on July 6th, 2009:

    I’m still not getting it. I’ve asked on various online venues and heard only crickets chirping.

    The product is a story. The story is the same, whether delivered electronically or in paper. The end user does not understand the P&L of the publishing company (in which personnel is the biggest line item–I used to write these P&Ls). In a free market society (which we did have at one point), things are priced for profit, and if the market will bear it, good. If not, bye-bye.

    So unless people are using the paper for toilet paper once they are finished reading, what is the freaking problem with pricing them the same? Perception–that is the issue.

    And yes, my books are available as ebooks before they go to (returnable) POD.

  • Karen Wester Newton said on July 6th, 2009:

    OK, so if $10 can’t possibly cover all costs, assuming printing, paper, book jackets and such are only a “few” dollars (say $4.00), then how can original paperbacks make any money at all? Most of them sell in the $7.00-$9.00 range. Assuming their paper and other print costs half of hardback (say $2.00), then the publisher and author are somehow making money on $5.00-$7.00, in a market where the bookstores can send back unsold copies! Add to that, if paper costs are so unimportant, why are new authors always told that first book can’t be too long or it will be too expensive to produce?

    Yes, things cost, but trying to suggest ebooks can’t make money at $9.99 is too much like creative accounting. Ebook readers are literally not buying it. You get less with an ebook, especially a DRM-ed ebook, and you should pay less. Maybe in the future ebooks will have all kinds of extras that aren’t in print books, like DVDs have, but right now they don’t. If anything, the formatting is worse than print books; no one seems to be proofing it. Publishers need to wake up and smell the e-ink, and find new business models or they will find themselves shrinking even faster.

  • Xandra Gregory said on July 6th, 2009:

    Large print publishers also bear the burden of acting as a profit center and support inflatable for large media conglomerates with other centers of interest that operate at losses. Print publishing can be more flexible and adapt to the times and explore new ways of viability if they are cut loose from the giant media conglomerates that require them to include a higher-than-necessary “cost of being a publisher” into the price of a book.

    Also, @Karen Wester Newton, the way publishers have traditionally made money on paperbacks is through volume sales, where “midlist” authors receiving modest advances, but selling consistent numbers, keep the joint afloat and offset some of the ridiculous celebrity advances that never earn out.

  • MCM said on July 6th, 2009:

    The problem actually stems from how books have been packaged traditionally: a hardcover is a certain amount and a paperback is less. You can judge the difference in price by the way the package looks. Hard covers + dust jackets = a more expensive widget than softcovers. I’m paying for the object, not the content. The content doesn’t even factor into it.

    The industry did such a great job creating this rule of thumb that when you remove the objects and say “you’re buying the story”, the audience pauses, scratches its head, and says: “Uhhh… but it costs you nothing to make that…”

    It’s the difference between manufacturing and creating. Hard to articulate, especially after years of defining the market in a certain way. Information was trapped in physical shells all this time, and now it wants to be free. Proving otherwise is extremely difficult.

    Ultimately, the music industry has been able to convince its audience that $0.99 is an acceptable price for a song, which is, on average, the same price it’s been all along. They re-established status quo after much debate.

    Books have a steeper climb ahead of them because of the many different packages they use, but ultimately, I imagine an eBook in its first year will be priced somewhere between a soft and hardcover edition. We’ll just have to wait a while for the debate to work itself out…

  • Mike Feury said on July 6th, 2009:

    “things cost, but trying to suggest ebooks can’t make money at $9.99 is too much like creative accounting”

    Karen is correct. I’m a genre epublisher (mainly), we sell our ebooks for average $5, and we’re doing quite nicely in a tiny market.

    When the market grows, we’ll sell around $2-3 and do even better. Did I mention we also pay 35-50% author royalties at the moment?

    As for quality, all ebooks are well edited, proofed and covered–I’ll put our ebooks beside our NY competitors any day.

    The traditional publishing industry had an incredible amount of waste built into its infrastructure and methodology. That’s the fundamental problem. Ebooks will not support that.

    Piracy won’t destroy anyone. Yes, it damaged the music industry, which sold $15 CDs with one or two tracks the consumer wanted. And it’s already hitting books too, priced at $10-25.

    No surprise there. But it won’t destroy products which are reasonably priced, and not made sub-standard by DRM or other hindrances. There will always be ‘bad guy’ pirates, or poor pirates, but the ethical Western consumer will support reasonable products, especially when the artist/creator is getting a decent chunk of the pie, eg 40%.

  • Nick Harkaway said on July 7th, 2009:

    Mike F -

    I’m a genre epublisher (mainly), we sell our ebooks for average $5, and we’re doing quite nicely in a tiny market.
    When the market grows, we’ll sell around $2-3 and do even better.

    Well, cool! But I’m curious: do you have, or need, a publicity department? Is there a ceiling beyond which you can’t go without significant additional overheads which would require additional investment and resources?

    Piracy won’t destroy anyone. Yes, it damaged the music industry, which sold $15 CDs with one or two tracks the consumer wanted. And it’s already hitting books too, priced at $10-25.

    I tend to agree with that, actually, but I’m still trying to work out what practices the publishing industry engages in which are as irksome as that used to be. eBook pricing is a hot-button, DRM is another. More?

    MCM –

    yeah, your reasoning seems right to me, but as you see, the idea of pricing an eBook between the hard and soft jacket prices is not going to fly with many people. And it’s interesting; if you consider DVDs box sets of TV shows, they tend to be much more expensive immediately after they come out, and then less so, and no one says “that’s too much” in quite the same furious way. They do, however, object to Regions and to delays in getting the show.

    Possibly people will take some persuading to get used to the idea that eBooks cost anything at all… I’ve been thinking that paper copies should include the eBook automatically for the moment, and even maybe vice versa; buy eBook, get paper sent to you at leisure…

    Karen W N –

    Yes, things cost, but trying to suggest ebooks can’t make money at $9.99 is too much like creative accounting. Ebook readers are literally not buying it. You get less with an ebook, especially a DRM-ed ebook, and you should pay less. Maybe in the future ebooks will have all kinds of extras that aren’t in print books, like DVDs have, but right now they don’t. If anything, the formatting is worse than print books; no one seems to be proofing it. Publishers need to wake up and smell the e-ink, and find new business models or they will find themselves shrinking even faster.

    I don’t think it’s creative accounting, I think it may be the reverse – uncreative accounting and models may be the problem here. I don’t know; I don’t understand the economics of the industry and I don’t have access to profit and loss charts which I wouldn’t be able to read if I did.

    However, to say that ‘readers aren’t buying it’ just isn’t enough to tackle the point I was making. My concern is that I believe there is – whether or not publishing is an example of it – an tendency in us at the moment to look at objects and services and say: oh, well, yeah – I want one of those but I’m not paying that price for it, so you better cut it down! And that worked when the market was rising like an idiot-rocket on a fiery trail of bad debt, but it was never sustainable. So now here we are. We have to learn to say: ok, I want that, and I believe its value in my life will be such that the price is worth paying even if it means I don’t have so much beer money this week. OR: actually, to hell with it, I don’t want that enough.

    We’ve been taught over the last decade to demand lower prices and fund them with fake growth. Basically, we thought we were getting lower prices and we weren’t – we were mortgaging ourselves. I mentioned air travel in the main post because there’s an argument that the actual cost of your flight is around seven times what you paid for it. If that’s true, or even partly true, we’re banking a huge debt which we will inevitably have to pay off. (Again.)

    To bring this all back around to the discussion in hand, YES! You are right. Badly formatted, un-enriched, DRM’d eBooks suck. DRM costs everyone money, doesn’t protect, and detracts from the value of the item. It’s insane. The eBook product needs to improve. HOWEVER when it does, people need to get on board. Enriching will cost money, and so will proper formatting. Removing DRM will save some, but the overall cost of the thing you’re talking about has gone up, even if there’s some fat to be cut away from the thing in the first place. We’ll pay somewhere; either on the barrelhead, or in terms of quality, or in a reduction in what publishers do.

    _____________________

    And now I have to go write my new book, or no one will care about me any more except my wife. :)

  • John Wilker said on July 7th, 2009:

    I made very much the same assumptions about what goes into a books price.

    I will say that in looking at the music industry and the book industry “Operational costs” are out of whack. Think back to 10 years ago. A single would cost $3 or so. now we won’t pay more than .99

    The value is still the same, but the cost has been reduced. marketing? what’s that? radio placement?

    The same applies to books, but hasn’t sunk in (IMO) yet. Marketing? editing, etc. we’ll leave the paper based parts out.

    I’ve rarely read a book that didn’t have at least 1 editing mistake, so we shouldn’t be paying a lot anyhow, not to knock copyeditors.

    Marketing? what would that be now? placement on an end cap at B&N? wasteful for sure. Radio spots? Publicity? is that a TV commercial? Word of mouth is cheaper than a spot on Desperate Housewives, LOL. And in my experience way more effective.

    I think publishing is still (even for ebooks) tied very much to brick and mortar.

    I wouldn’t pay more than $10 for an eBook, because at more than that, I want more than I’m getting. I want a dust jacket, I want something physical. There’s an inherent beleif (and I agree) e should never cost as much as it’s old world equivelant. You really do get less.

    Great post Nick, a good read for sure

  • Mike Feury said on July 7th, 2009:

    @Nick “do you have, or need, a publicity department? Is there a ceiling beyond which you can’t go without significant additional overheads which would require additional investment and resources?”

    No, yes :) As I said, the emarket is currently tiny, so essentially there’s no one to market to. We’re small and independent, so I doubt we’ll ever adopt many current print marketing practices. But who knows, the shake-up in publishing is only beginning.

    John Wilker touched on some of the issues. TV audiences are continuing to fragment, so it’s unlikely that will prove a wise publicity medium. Newspapers and print magazines too. Our ultimate objective is what John said, word of mouth–or word of mouse, to be more exact.

    Part of our background is in internet marketing, so there are a lot of avenues for us to explore before we will be in a position to look at traditional marketing–if we ever do. Don’t forget, it’s not just publishing which is changing, access to the market is also changing significantly and rapidly.

    Mostly though, we’ll let the big retailers reach our mass market for us. We’ve been on Fictionwise almost a decade, and other promising ones have opened in the past couple of years.

    Publishers in the future will be less about services, and more about guaranteeing consistent and predictable quality for the consumer. There will be an explosion of books on the market as the publishing barriers to entry almost disappear, so the consumer browsing online mass retailers will need trusted brands to guide him.

    Which comes back to the “word of mouse” I mentioned. It will be more difficult to buy customers in the future via ads etc, they will have to be earned. It’s going to be interesting :)

    “I’m still trying to work out what practices the publishing industry engages in which are as irksome as that used to be. eBook pricing is a hot-button, DRM is another. More?”

    Sure there are more, although some may not become obvious until we have hindsight. Pricing and DRM are the big two, I think.

    Currently visible:

    Restricted formats – consumers can’t buy from everywhere and read on one device. Amazon is the big culprit now, with their proprietary format for the Kindle.

    Patchy ebook release – I see readers complaining about some books of an old series being digitized, but not others.

    Restrictive reader rights – people can’t sell their ebooks, or pass them on. This will remain an issue while ebook prices remain too high.

    From the crystal ball:

    Ads in ebooks – I see Amazon just filed a patent for individually targeted ads in ebooks and POD. If it’s ever implemented, that’ll annoy a lot of people who read for the immersive experience.

    Restricted choice – print publishers have supported their business model by severely limiting what content and length they accept.

    Restricted availability – there’s quite a lock on print distribution between all the big boys. There are around one billion people capable of reading a book in English–how many of them have easy access to your last print book?

    - – -

    A note of the market: There is no “the market”, there are multiple markets, and it will continue to fragment. This means there’s no right price, or right level of quality. It also means there will be no easy broadcast medium to reach the parts of the market where your potential customers are.

    This means there’s no right way to set up (or rejig) your publishing business. You need to set it up to support what your sections of the market want.

    As a simple example, take proofreading. Our top-notch proofers catch about 90% of errors in a book. If that doesn’t suit our readers, we will need to double-proof, so we catch 99% of errors.

    You won’t last long if you’re set up to build BMWs, but are selling Fords. Or vice versa. There will be too many competitors who will align their business to the market. That’s what I meant in my previous post when I said “Ebooks won’t support that”, referring to the waste in current print pub practices.

    Oh look, I wrote a book :)

  • [...] two-part post by the charming Mr. Nick Harkaway – the first of which wherein he expounds upon how things (including ebooks) have costs, how authors and publishers should [...]

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